Anne of Brittany

Anne
Duchess of Brittany
Reign	25 January 1476 – 9 January 1514 (&1000000000000002500000025 years, &10000000000000122000000122 days)
Coronation	10 February 1489
Predecessor	Francis II
Successor	Claude
Queen consort of France
Tenure	6 December 1491 – 7 April 1498
Coronation	8 February 1492
Queen consort of France
Tenure	8 January 1499 – 9 January 1514
Coronation	18 November 1502
Spouse	Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VIII of France Louis XII of France
among others... Issue
Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France Claude, Queen of France Renée, Duchess of Ferrara
House	Dreux-Montfort
Father	Francis II, Duke of Brittany
Mother	Margaret of Foix
Born	25 January 1476(1476-01-25) Nantes, Brittany
Died	9 January 1514(1514-01-09) (aged 36) Blois, France
Burial	Saint Denis Basilica
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Anne, Duchess of Brittany (25 January 1476 – 9 January 1514),^[1] also known as Anna of Brittany (French: Anne de Bretagne; Breton: Anna Vreizh), was a Breton ruler, who was to become queen to two successive French kings. She was born in Nantes, Brittany, and was the daughter of Francis II, Duke of Brittany and Margaret of Foix. Her maternal grandparents were Queen Eleanor of Navarre and Gaston IV, Count of Foix. Upon her father's death, she became sovereign Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Nantes, Montfort and Richmont and Viscountess of Limoges. In her time, she was the richest European woman.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Duchess of Brittany 3 Queen of France 4 Widowhood and remarriage 5 Death 6 Personal characteristics 7 Marriages and Issue 8 Cultural symbolism of Anne 9 Depictions in fiction 10 Anne in Breton culture 11 Ancestry 12 References 13 External links

Early life

Anne was the only child of Francis and Margaret to survive childhood (she had a younger sister, Isabeau, who died in 1490). Accordingly, she was brought up as the heiress to the Duchy. She was given a good education under the guidance of Françoise de Dinan, Lady of Laval and Chateaubriant, and the poet Jean Meschinot.

Since the Breton War of Succession, Brittany had been understood to operate according to semi-Salic Law–women could only inherit if the male line had died out. By the time Anne was born, her father was the only male left of the Breton House of Montfort. The War of Succession had ended with an agreement that, in the absence of a male heir, the heirs of Joanna of Penthièvre would succeed. After a century, however, this agreement had been forgotten. Thus, in 1486 Anne's father had her recognised as heiress by the Breton estates; however, the question of her marriage remained a diplomatic issue. Francis had no intention of allowing Brittany to be absorbed by France. Therefore, he sought for his daughter a marriage with a figure capable of withstanding French power.

Brittany being an attractive prize, Anne had no shortage of suitors. She was officially promised in marriage to Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Edward IV of England in 1483; however, the boy disappeared, and was presumed dead, soon after the death of Edward IV. Others who bid for her hand included Maximilian of Austria (the widower of Mary of Burgundy, another heiress), Alain d'Albret, Jean de Châlons (Prince of Orange) and even the married Louis, Duke of Orléans.

In 1488, however, the armies of Francis II were defeated at the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier, ending the Guerre folle between Brittany and France. In the Treaty of Sablé, which concluded the peace settlement, the Duke was forced to accept clauses stipulating that his daughters were not to marry without the approval of the King of France. Francis died soon afterward, on 9 September 1488, as a result of a fall from his horse. Anne became Duchess, and Brittany was plunged into fresh crisis, leading to the last Franco-Breton war.

Duchess of Brittany

The first necessary move for Anne was to secure a husband, preferably anti-France and powerful enough to maintain Breton independence. Maximilian I of Austria was considered to be the most suitable candidate. Her marriage with Maximilian, which took place at Rennes by proxy on 19 December 1490, conferred upon Anne the title Queen of the Romans, but proved to have serious consequences. The French regarded it as a serious provocation—it not only violated the Treaty of Verger (the King of France not having consented to the marriage), but also placed the rule of Brittany in the hands of an enemy of France. The marriage also proved ill-timed: the Habsburgs were too busy in Hungary to pay any serious attention to Brittany, and the Castilians were busy fighting in Granada. Although both Castile and England sent small numbers of troops to supplement the Ducal army, neither wished for open warfare with France. The spring of 1491 brought new successes by the French general La Trémoille, and Charles VIII of France came to lay siege to Rennes.

After Maximilian failed to come to his bride's assistance, Rennes fell. Anne became engaged to Charles in the vault of the Jacobins in Rennes. Then, escorted by her army (ostensibly to show that she had willingly consented to the marriage), Anne went to Langeais to be married. Although Austria made diplomatic protests, claiming that the marriage was illegal because the bride was unwilling, that she was already legally married to Maximilian, and that Charles was legally betrothed to Margaret of Austria, Maximilian's daughter, Anne celebrated her second wedding to Charles VIII at the castle of Langeais on 6 December 1491.

The marriage was subsequently validated by Pope Innocent VIII on 15 February 1492. The marriage contract provided that whichever spouse outlived the other would retain possession of Brittany; however, it also stipulated that if Charles died without male heirs, Anne would marry his successor, thus ensuring the French kings a second chance to permanently annex Brittany.

Queen of France

Anne's second marriage began badly: she brought two beds with her when she came to marry Charles, and the King and Queen often lived apart. She was anointed and crowned Queen of France at Saint-Denis on 8 February 1492; she was forbidden by her husband to use the title "Duchess of Brittany", which became a bone of contention between the two. When her husband fought in the wars in Italy, the regency powers were exercised by his sister Anne of Beaujeu. Pregnant for most of her married life, Anne lived primarily in the royal castles of Amboise, Loches and Plessis or in the towns of Lyon, Grenoble or Moulins (when the king was in Italy). She became Queen of Sicily and titular Queen of Jerusalem with the conquest of Naples by Charles VIII.

The marriage produced four living children, none of whom survived early childhood. Only the first, Charles Orland (11 October 1492 – 16 December 1495), survived infancy. A healthy and intelligent child, he was doted on by his parents, who both suffered terrible grief when he died suddenly of the measles. After him was born Charles, who lived for less than a month; and Francis and Anne, who each died almost immediately after being born. These tragedies caused a great deal of pain to Anne, who prayed openly for a son after the death of Francis.

Around her, there was a famous circle of court poets: among them the Italian humanist Publio Fausto Andrelini from Forlì, who spread the New Learning in France.

Widowhood and remarriage

When Charles VIII died in 1498, Anne was 21 years old and childless. Legally, she was now obliged to marry the new king, Louis XII; however, he was already married, to Joan, daughter of Louis XI and sister to Charles VIII. On 19 August 1498, at Étampes, she agreed to marry Louis if he obtained an annulment from Joan within a year. If she was gambling that the annulment would be denied, she lost: Louis's first marriage was dissolved by the Pope before the end of the year.

In the interim, in October 1498, Anne returned to rule Brittany. She restored the faithful Philippe de Montauban to the chancellery of Brittany, named the Prince of Orange as Hereditary Lieutenant General of Brittany, convened the Estates of Brittany, and ordered production of a coin bearing her name. She took the opportunity to tour the Duchy, visiting many places she had never been able to see as a child. She made triumphal entries into the cities of the duchy, where her vassals received her sumptuously.

Anne's third marriage ceremony, on 8 January 1499 (she wore white, setting a precedent for future brides), was concluded under conditions radically different from those of the second. She was no longer a child, but was a dowager queen, and was determined to ensure the recognition of her rights as sovereign duchess from now on. Although her new husband exercised the ruler's powers in Brittany, he formally recognized her right to the title "Duchess of Brittany" and issuing decisions in her name.

As Duchess, Anne fiercely defended the independence of her Duchy. She arranged the marriage of her daughter, Claude, to Charles of Luxembourg in 1501, to reinforce the Franco-Spanish alliance and ensure French success in the Italian Wars; however, Louis broke off the marriage when it became likely that Anne would not produce a male heir. Instead, Louis arranged a marriage between Claude and the heir to the French throne, Francis of Angoulême. Anne, determined to maintain Breton independence, refused until death to sanction the marriage, pushing instead for Claude to marry Charles, or for the Duchy to be inherited by her other daughter, Renee. The marriage of Claude and Francis eventually took place in the year following Anne's death.

Death

Anne failed to survive the winter of 1513-1514, dying of a kidney-stone attack at the Chateau of Blois. She was buried in the necropolis of Saint Denis. Her funeral was of exceptional length, lasting 40 days, and inspiring all future French royal funerals until the 18th century. The Requiem for Anne was probably composed by the famous composer Johannes Prioris.^[2]

According to her will, her heart was placed in a raised enamel gold reliquary, then transported to Nantes to be deposited, on 19 March 1514, in the vault of the Carmelite friars, in the tomb made for her parents, later being transferred to the Saint-Pierre cathedral. The reliquary of the heart of the Anne, Duchess of Brittany is a box oval, bivalvular, made of a sheet of gold pushed back and guillochéd, articulated by a hinge, broadside of a gold cordelière and topped by a crown of lily and clover. It is inscribed as follows:

En ce petit vaisseau

De fin or pur et munde

Repose ung plus grand cueur

Que oncque dame eut au munde

Anne fut le nom delle

En France deux fois royne

Duchesse des Bretons

Royale et Souveraine.^[3]

It was made by an anonymous goldsmith of the court of Blois, perhaps drawn by Jean Perréal. In 1792, by order of the National Convention, the reliquary was exhumed, emptied, and seized as part of a collection of precious metals pertaining to churches, and sent to Nantes to be melted down. However, it was instead kept in the National Library, and was returned to Nantes in 1819, being kept in various museums, and in the Dobrée Museum since 1896.

Anne's will also conferred the succession of Brittany upon her second daughter, Renee. This was ignored by her husband, who confirmed Claude as Duchess and married her to Francis.

Personal characteristics

Anne was a highly intelligent woman who spent much of her time on the administration of Brittany. She was described as shrewd, proud and haughty in manner.^[4] She made the safeguarding of Breton autonomy, and the preservation of the Duchy outside the French crown, her life's work, although that goal would prove failed shortly after her death.

Anne was also a patron of the arts and enjoyed music. A prolific collector of tapestries, it is very likely that the unicorn tapestries now on view at The Cloisters museum in New York City were commissioned by her in celebration of her wedding to Louis XII.^[5] She also commissioned a book of French manuscripts (a Book of Hours), known as The Great Hours of Anne of Brittany. She also instituted the Queen's Maids of Honour at the court.

She was a devoted mother, spending as much time as possible with her children. For her son, Charles-Orland, she commissioned a book of prayers, intended to be used in teaching him how to pray, and as a guidance to him as the future King of France; unfortunately, Charles-Orland died in 1495, and no other son lived more than a few weeks.

At her marriage to Charles VIII, aged 14, Anne was described as a young and rosy-cheeked girl; by the time of her marriage to Louis, aged 22, after seven pregnancies with no surviving children, she was described as pale-faced and wan. By the end of her life, at 36, she had been pregnant 14 times, with seven of the children stillborn. Of the remaining seven, only two survived childhood.

Marriages and Issue

Anne's first marriage ceremony, on 19 December 1490, was a marriage by proxy to Maximilian of Habsburg. It was dissolved by the Pope in the following year; because it was only by proxy (rather than in person), it is not generally considered a 'real' marriage.

Her second husband was Charles VIII of France, whom she married at Chateau Langeais on 6 December 1491. She was pregnant by him seven times:

• Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France. Her only healthy son, he lived 1492-1495, but died of the measles.
• A still-born son. She became pregnant in late 1492/early 1493, but travelled with her husband from castle to castle; she went into labour during a drive in the forest of Courcelles, and the child was premature and stillborn (August 1493).
• A still-born girl. Anne became pregnant again five months after her miscarriage, and avoided travel (instead residing in Amboise near the Dauphin). However, in February 1494, she accompanied the King to Lyons, where he was preparing to depart for the Italian Wars, and after arriving on 15 March, attended all the ceremonies; the stress of the occasion caused her to go into premature labour, and she gave birth to a still-born girl.
• A still-born child. She became pregnant again in August 1494, but lost the baby soon after.
• Charles, Dauphin of France. He lived from 8 September to 2 October 1496. His death prompted Anne to withdraw to Moulins temporarily in despair.
• Francis, Dauphin of France. He died several hours after his birth in July 1497.
• Anne of France. She died on the day of her birth, 20 March 1498 at Plessis les Tours.

Her third husband was Louis XII of France. She was at least seven times pregnant by him:

• Claude of France (1499–1524) became her heir and also Queen Consort of Francis I.
• Stillborn son (1500).
• Stillborn son (21 January 1503).
• Some sources cited a miscarriage by the end of 1503.
• In 1505 she suffered a miscarriage.
• Stillborn son (1508) -some sources cited this was a miscarriage-.
• Some sources cited a miscarriage in 1509.
• Renée of France (1510–1575) married Ercole II d'Este, the Duke of Ferrara, and became the Duchess of Chartres.
• Stillborn son (January 1512).

Although Anne bore sixteen children, only two daughters outlived her, Claude, by ten years and Renée by sixty-one years. Renée was just three when Anne died, while Claude was nearly fifteen.

Cultural symbolism of Anne

Even while she was alive, the royal propaganda of Charles VIII and of Louis XII introduced Anne of Brittany as a perfect queen, a symbol of union and peace between the kingdom of France and the duchy of Brittany. In the following centuries, historians and popular culture sometimes presented Anne of Brittany in differing fashions, ascribing to her physical and psychological characteristics that are not necessarily supported by historical evidence.

In 1991, the five-hundredth anniversary of the marriage of Anne of Brittany and Charles VIII of France was celebrated in Langeais. In Rennes, which had paid the price of this marriage by siege, food shortage, and an occupation, it was hardly mentioned.

Depictions in fiction

• Anne of Brittany is the subject of Eleanor Fairburn's historical novel, Crowned Ermine, pub. 1968

Anne in Breton culture

Anne of Brittany is one of Brittany's most renowned historical figures, second perhaps only to Saint Yves. In testimony exist a large number of trades, hotels and street names bearing her name. Anne is also referred to by:

• The folksong "Anne de Bretagne: duchesse en sabots" which imagines her wearing rustic clogs at her first meeting with the king.
• a song of Gilles Servat which evokes her life: Koc'h ki gwenn ha koc'h ki du
• Duchesse Anne, name of a beer produced in Brittany
• the square three-masted ship Duchesse Anne, currently moored in the Port of Dunkirk.
• Anne de Bretagne, an opera composed by Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray in the 1870s. Bourgault, himself distantly descended from Anne, was also born in Nantes and aimed to promote Breton culture throughout much of his music.
• Anne de Bretagne, an opera by Breton composer Pierick Houdy, libretto by M. Fournereau, first performed in Rennes 2001, featuring Agnès Bove in the title role.
• Anne de Bretagne, a rock opera by Alan Simon, first performed in Nantes in June 2009 starring James Wood, Cécile Corbel, Fairport Convention, Nilda Fernandez, Tri Yann, Les Holroyd.
• If dead bit (Si mort a mors)^[6], an anonymous poem going back to her funeral, and now performed by the popular Breton folk musicians Tri Yann. Another song of their repertory refers to the Duchess.

There are several explanations for this: the destiny of this duchess who married three kings, including two kings of France, and who was only a child when she had to marry the first (even if early engagements were normal at that time); the historical role of Anne in the union of the duchy to the kingdom of France; the fact that very little of the history of Brittany is taught in Breton schools (the official school syllabus being written in Paris for all the French territory -territories of overseas included - those retain only Anne as a notable Breton). This established fact leads some to experience the History of Brittany starting and finishing with Anne.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Anne of Brittany

16. John IV, Duke of Brittany               8. John V, Duke of Brittany                       17. Joanna of Flanders               4. Richard, Count of Étampes                             18. Charles II of Navarre               9. Joan of Navarre                       19. Joan of France               2. Francis II, Duke of Brittany                                   20. Charles V of France               10. Louis I, Duke of Orléans                       21. Joanna of Bourbon               5. Margaret, Countess of Vertus                             22. Gian Galeazzo Visconti               11. Valentina Visconti, Countess of Vertus                       23. Isabella, Countess of Vertus               1. Anne of Brittany                                         24. Archambaud de Grailly               12. John I, Count of Foix                       25. Isabella, Countess of Foix               6. Gaston IV, Count of Foix                             26. Charles I of Albret               13. Jeanne of Albret                       27. Marie de Sully               3. Margaret of Foix                                   28. Ferdinand I of Aragon               14. John II of Aragon                       29. Eleanor of Alburquerque               7. Eleanor of Navarre                             30. Charles III of Navarre               15. Blanche I of Navarre                       31. Eleanor of Castile

References

External links

• LebrelBlanco.com, Anne de Bretagne in Medieval History of Navarre
• Jean-Luc Deuffic: Les manuscrits d'Anne de Bretagne
• Faksimile.ch

Anne of Brittany House of Montfort Cadet branch of the House of Dreux Born: 25 January 1477 Died: 9 January 1514
French nobility
Preceded by Francis II	Duchess of Brittany 1488–1514 with Charles II (1491–1498) Louis (1499–1514)	Succeeded by Claude
French royalty
Vacant Title last held by Charlotte of Savoy	Queen consort of France 1491–1498	Succeeded by Joan of France
Vacant Title last held by Joan of France	Queen consort of France 1499–1514	Vacant Title last held by Mary Tudor
Italian royalty
Preceded by Isabella del Balzo	Queen consort of Naples 1501–1504	Succeeded by Isabella I of Castile
Italian nobility
Vacant Title last held by Beatrice d'Este	Duchess consort of Milan 1499–1512	Vacant Title next held by Claude of France

Rulers of Brittany Early monarchs c.818–913 Waroch · Judicael ap Hoel · Morman · Wihomarc · Nominoe · Erispoe · Salomon · Pasquitan  · Gurvand  · Judicael · Alan I · Gourmaelon House of Nantes 938–958 Alan II (938–952) · Drogo (952–958)  · Hoel I (960–981) · Guerech (981-988) · Alan (III) (988-990) House of Rennes 958–1072 Conan I (958–992) · Geoffrey I (992–1008) · Alan III (1008–1040) · Odo I (1008–1034) · Conan II (1040–1066) · Hawise (1066–1072) · with Hoel II (1066–1072) House of Cornouaille 1072–1156 Alan IV (1072–1112) · Conan III (1112–1148) · Bertha (1148–1156) · with Odo II (1148–1156) House of Penthièvre 1156–1194 Conan IV (1156–1171) · Constance (1171–1194) · with Geoffrey II (1181–1186), · later Ranulph (1188–1194) House of Plantagenet 1194–1203 Arthur I (1194–1203) House of Thouars 1203–1221 Alix (1203-1221) · with Peter I (1213-1221) House of Dreux 1221–1364 John I (1221-1286) · John II (1286–1305) · Arthur II (1305–1312) · John III (1312–1341) · Joan (1341–1364) · with Charles I (1341–1364) House of Montfort 1341/65–1514 John IV (1341-1345) · John V (1345/65-1399) · John VI (1399–1442) · Francis I (1442–1450) · Peter II (1450–1457) · Arthur III (1457–1458) · Francis II (1458–1488) · Anne (1488–1514) · with Charles II (1491–1498), · later Louis I (1499–1514) House of Valois 1514–1547 Claude (1514–1524) · with Francis (1514–1524)  · Francis III (1524–1536) · Henry (1536–1547) Courtesy title 1547-present Louis de France (1704-1705)  · Louis de France (1707–1712) · Francis de Bourbon (1973–1984)

Queens and Empresses of France Adelaide of Aquitaine (987–996)  · Rozala of Italy (996) · Bertha of Burgundy (996–1000) · Constance of Arles (1003–1031) · Matilda of Frisia (1034–1044) · Anne of Kiev (1051–1060) · Bertha of Holland (1071–1092) · Bertrade de Montfort (1092–1108) · Adelaide of Maurienne (1115–1137) · Eleanor of Aquitaine (1137–1152) · Constance of Castile (1154–1160) · Adèle of Champagne (1164–1180) · Isabelle of Hainaut (1180–1190) · Ingeborg of Denmark (1193–1193; 1200-1223) · Agnes of Merania (1196–1200) · Blanche of Castile (1223–1226) · Margaret of Provence (1234–1270) · Isabella of Aragon (1270–1271) · Maria of Brabant (1274–1285) · Joan I of Navarre (1285–1305) · Margaret of Burgundy (1314–1315) · Clementia of Hungary (1315–1316) · Joan II of Burgundy (1316–1322) · Blanche of Burgundy (1322) · Marie of Luxembourg (1322–1324) · Jeanne d'Évreux (1325–1328)  · Joan the Lame (1328–1348) · Blanche of Navarre (1350) · Joan I of Auvergne (1350–1360) · Jeanne de Bourbon (1364–1378) · Isabeau of Bavaria (1385–1422) · Marie of Anjou (1422–1461) · Charlotte of Savoy (1461–1483) · Anne of Brittany (1491–1498; 1498–1514)  · Joan of France (1498) · Mary of England (1514-1515)  · Claude of France (1515–1524) · Eleanor of Austria (1530–1547) · Catherine de' Medici (1547–1559) · Mary, Queen of Scots (1559–1560) · Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria (1570–1574) · Louise of Lorraine (1575–1589)  · Margaret of Valois (1589–1599) · Marie de' Medici (1600–1610)  · Archduchess Anne of Austria (1615–1643) · Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1660–1683) · Marie Leszczyńska (1725–1768) · Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (1774–1792) · Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy* (1795–1810)  · Joséphine de Beauharnais (1804–1810)  · Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria (1810–1814)  · Princess Marie Thérèse of France* (1830)  · Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily (1830–1848)  · Eugénie de Montijo (1853–1870) *disputed

Austrian archduchesses by marriage 1st generation Mary, Duchess of Burgundy · Anne, Duchess of Brittany · Bianca Maria Sforza 2nd generation Joanna of Castile 3rd generation Infanta Isabella of Portugal · Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 4th generation Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal* · Mary I of England* · Infanta Maria of Spain^ · Anne Juliana Gonzaga · Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria 5th generation Archduchess Anna of Austria^ · Isabella Clara Eugenia^ · Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria · Eleonora Gonzaga · Claudia de' Medici 6th generation Princess Elisabeth of France* · Archduchess Maria Ana of Spain^  · Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria^ · Eleonora Gonzaga · Anna de' Medici · Countess Maria Hedwig of Sulzbach 7th generation Archduchess Margaret Theresa of Austria^ · Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria^ · Countess Palatine Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 8th generation Princess Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg · Princess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 9th generation none 10th generation Princess Isabella of Parma** · Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria** · Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain** · Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa** 11th generation Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg** · Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily**  · Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily**  · Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg** · Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia** · Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym** · Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg** · Princess Elisabeth of Savoy** · Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy*** 12th generation Princess Sophie of Bavaria · Princess Maria Anna of Saxony** · Princess Hildegard of Bavaria · Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria^ · Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria*** 13th generation Princess Charlotte of Belgium · Princess Margaretha of Saxony · Princess Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies · Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal  · Princess Anna of Saxony** · Princess Alice of Parma** · Princess Maria Immaculata of the Two Sicilies** · Princess Isabella of Croÿ · Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria^ · Princess Auguste Maria of Bavaria 14th generation Princess Stéphanie of Belgium · Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony · Princess Maria Cristina of the Two Sicilies** · Princess Blanca of Bourbon** · Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria^** · Princess Anna of Saxony 15th generation Princess Zita of Parma · Princess Franziska of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst · Princess Dorothea of Bavaria** · Countess Marie Valerie of Waldburg-Zeil-Hohenems** · Princess Ileana of Romania** · Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm** · Countess Maria Theresa of Waldburg-Zeil** · Princess Maria of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg · Princess Christina of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg 16th generation Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen · Princess Margherita of Savoy · Princess Anne Eugénie of Arenberg · Princess Yolande of Ligne  · Countess Xenia Czernicheva-Besobrasova · Princess Anna Gabriele of Wrede · Countess Helena of Toerring-Jettenbach · Countess Ludmilla of Gallen · Princess Laetitia of Arenberg** · Countess Margaret Kálnoky von Köröspatak** · Maria Espinosa de los Monteros^^** · Countess Valerie of Podstatzky-Lichtenstein** · Freiin Eva Antonia von Hofmann** · Princess Anna Amelie of Schönburg-Waldenburg** · Countess Hedwig of Lichem-Löwenburg** · Freiin Edith von Sternbach** · Princess Margaret of Hohenberg · Countess Marie Christine of Hatzfeldt-Dönhoff · Eugenia de Calonge^^ · Freiin Maria Theresia von Gudenus 17th generation Freiin Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva · Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg · Princess Astrid of Belgium*** · Princess Katharina of Isenburg-Birstein*** · Bettine Götz^^ · Paola de Temesváry^^ · Baroness Marie Hélène de Villenfagne de Vogelsanck · Princess Marie Astrid of Luxembourg · Princess Alexandra of Wrede · Princess María of the Two Sicilies · Sara Maya Al-Askari^^ · Mayasuni Heath^^ · Countess Katharina of Hardenberg · Ashmita Goswami^^ · Elyssa Edmonstone^^** · Countess Marie Gabrielle of Waldstein** 18th generation Estelle de Saint-Romain^^ *also an infanta of Spain by marriage **also a princess of Tuscany by marriage ***also a princess of Modena by marriage ^also an archduchess of Austria in her own right ^^did not have a royal or noble title by birth

Dauphines of France Jeanne de Bourbon (1350-1364)  · Princess Marguerite of Burgundy (1412-1415)  · Duchess Jacqueline of Bavaria (1415-1417) · Princess Margaret of Scotland (1436-1445) · Princess Charlotte of Savoy (1451-1461)  · Catherine de' Medici (1536-1547)  · Mary, Queen of Scots (1558-1559)  · Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (1680-1690)  · Princess Marie Adélaïde of Savoy (1711-1712)  · Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain (1745-1746)  · Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1747-1765)  · Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (1770-1774)  · Princess Marie Thérèse of France (1824-1830)

Persondata
Name	Anne Of Brittany
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	25 January 1476
Place of birth	Nantes, Brittany
Date of death	9 January 1514
Place of death	Blois, France